Munich is associated with the rise of National Socialism like no other city. Munich was named "Capital of German Art" in 1933 and "Capital City of the Movement" in 1935. 1933 Treatment of Jewish staff members in Germany For example, Alois Alzheimer travels to Hungary in June 1944 and arranges for the Director of Europische Gter- und Reisegepck-Versicherung in Budapest and his brother to be allowed to continue working as accountants. The place of learning and remembrance offers the opportunity to deal with the National Socialist past of the city of Munich and the consequences of the dictatorship at the historical site. Alongside this direct participation, Munich Re is also involved in Allianz business with the SS via its reinsurance share. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Germany National Socialist Women's League Registered Cover to Munich 1938 Europe at the best online prices at eBay! Its named after the colour of the uniforms that the early party members wore. The choice was not only symbolic but also pragmatic. Via its reinsurance share, Munich Re is also involved in Allianz business with the SS. Franz Eher, successor Munich The program of the NSDAP The program is the political foundation of the NSDAP and accordingly the primary political law of the State. Thus, he was able to secure the support of many conservative elements that misunderstood the totalitarian character of his movement. Today, the beautiful Knigsplatz with its neoclassical buildings is home to the citys museums and galleries. They held power and influence comparable to the Reich Ministers' in Hitler's Cabinet. Now possessing virtually absolute power, the Nazis established totalitarian control as they abolished labour unions and other political parties and imprisoned their political opponents, first at wilde Lager, improvised camps, then in concentration camps. Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the party came to power in Germany in 1933 and governed by totalitarian methods until 1945. A political ideology is a set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, or a large group. T. W. Mason, Social Policy in the Third Reich: The Working Class and the "National Community", 1918-1939, Oxford: UK, Berg Publishers, 1993, p. 77. [120], The general membership of the Nazi Party mainly consisted of the urban and rural lower middle classes. The National Socialist German Workers' Party, or Nazi Party, grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945 under the leadership of Adolf . The city of Munich was a center of political activity where meetings at its beer halls drew large crowds of people some of whom were attracted by the prospect of violence. [30] They became one of many vlkisch movements that existed in Germany. Despite these poor results and despite Germany's relative political stability and prosperity during the later 1920s, the Nazi Party continued to grow. In fact, this is where Hitler started his political career as a speaker. On the next day, determined to seize the power, Hitler and about 2000 Nazis marched through the city (see the full Beer Hall Putsch route here). However, while Hitler and Eckart were on a fundraising trip to Berlin in June 1921, a mutiny broke out within the party in Munich. Why Was Nazi Germany Called the Third Reich? Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. Certain nominally independent organisations had their own legal representation and own property, but were supported by the Nazi Party. STRIKING DESIGN: The Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism. The Nazi idea of a peoples community had two sides to it that conditioned one another: on the one hand, the exclusion and persecution of political opponents and people who did not fit in with the Nazis racial ideology; on the other, the citizens of Munich who chose to look away, to look on, or to join in. [97] The denazification was carried out in Germany and continued until the onset of the Cold War. Under Comintern directives, the Communists maintained their policy of treating the Social Democrats as the main enemy, calling them "social fascists", thereby splintering opposition to the Nazis. Nuremberg hosted the famous Nazi Party Rallies, attended by hundreds of thousands of party supporters. We offer a large number of different tours, seminars, and workshops designed for various target groups which can be booked individually. A considerable profit was made as a result of aryanisation. In October 1945, 30 Poles broke into the home of Theodor E in Heimbuchtal, murdered him and his war-disabled son, committed violence against his daughter and a farm laborer, and robbed the house. The war-related interruption to direct business relations with insurers in France, the United Kingdom and many neutral states leads to a slump in premium volume to 186m reichsmarks in 19401941. In 1933, after Hitler came to power, Feldherrnhalle turned into a place of worship for the fallen Nazis in the Beer Hall Putsch. | 11 photomechanical prints ; 24 x 18 cm. Marxism has no right to disguise itself as socialism. The museum is set in the north wing of the Nazi Partys Congress Hall. It was regionally sub-divided into a number of Gaue (singular: Gau) headed by a Gauleiter, who received their orders directly from Hitler. 2023 Copyright My Vacation Itineraries | All Rights Reserved. Only in the 1980s did the widespread tendency to try to forget or deny the past prompt an increasing number of Munichs citizens to campaign for a lively culture of remembrance. The entrance is free, but you have to pay if you want an audio guide. The given numbers were the official ordering numbers. . At the end of the 1920s, the ratio is lowered to 37.5% by mutual agreement. Then check out my guide to the best WW2 sites in Berlin. [c][23] Members of the party referred to themselves as Nationalsozialisten (National Socialists), but some did occasionally embrace the colloquial Nazi (so Leopold von Mildenstein in his article series Ein Nazi fhrt nach Palstina published in Der Angriff in 1934). The Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism is a new attraction designed for learning about and remembering Germany's Nazi past. To protect the supposed purity and strength of the Aryan race, the Nazis sought to disenfranchise, segregate, and eventually exterminate Jews, Romani, Poles, Slavs, black people, the physically and mentally disabled, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and political opponents. The Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism leads visitors through the role that Munich and its society played in the rise of the Nazi movement. During 1931 and into 1932, Germany's political crisis deepened. As a reinsurer, Munich Re is not directly involved in life insurance contracts with Jewish policyholders, but benefits indirectly from the increasing policy terminations. While Strasser had used his position to promote his own leftish version of national socialism, Goebbels was completely loyal to Hitler, and worked only to improve Hitler's image. 7 Significant Political Events at the Olympic Games, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nazi-Party, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - The Nazi Party, Nazi Party - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Nazi Party - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), 'Nazi' references: BBC sportscaster's tweet revives debate. At its heart is the question of how Munich differed from other cities during the National Socialist era. We also offer a brief guide in eleven languages which gives a summary of the exhibition. Under this principle, the party was a highly centralised entity that functioned strictly from the top down, with Hitler at the apex. The Gaue and Reichsgaue (state or province) were further sub-divided into Kreise (counties) headed by a Kreisleiter, which were in turn sub-divided into Zellen (cells) and Blcke (blocks), headed by a Zellenleiter and Blockleiter respectively. Munich Re benefits from this as a result of its quota-share participations and thus posts profits of up to 600,000 reichsmarks in the 19381939 financial year alone. [65] By the end of the year, party membership was recorded at 2,000,[63] many of whom Hitler and Rhm had brought into the party personally, or for whom Hitler's oratory had been their reason for joining. Its the place where Adolf Hitler founded the Nazi Party and where the famous Beer Hall Putsch took place. [24], The term was in use before the rise of the party as a colloquial and derogatory word for a backward peasant, an awkward and clumsy person. or smaller. Also, the Nuremberg Palace of Justice was spared from the bombings and it was big enough to accommodate trials of this size. Tuesday Sunday 10 am 6 pm Closed on Mondays, OpenWednesdayEvening! Our exhibition Munich and National Socialism documents the citys Nazi history. Conversely, white-collar employees (19% of members and 12% of Germans), the self-employed (20% of members and 10% of Germans) and civil servants (15% of members and 5% of the German population) had joined in proportions greater than their share of the general population. Free shipping for many products! The panels offer a chronologically structured overview of the most important aspects of Munichs Nazi history. Three . Im a full-time travel blogger based in Sofia, Bulgaria. Its reserves and premium reserves, chiefly invested in Reich bonds and Reich treasury bills have become worthless following the end of the German Reich. In addition to this, SA arrested and sent to concentration camps more than 30,000 Jews. . While it is certainly true that there was some opposition in various social groupsin the labor movement or in the Church, for examplevery few of those who rejected Nazism translated their thoughts into action. Traute Lafrenz died at the age of 103. It was located on the grounds of a former factory for gunpowder and ammunition, near the small town of Dachau. [70] The committee was dissolved, and Hitler was granted nearly absolute powers in the party as its sole leader. It is a place to remember the history of National Socialism and was built upon the site of the former "Brown House" that had been the headquarters of the NSDAP party. However, after Hitler secured power, this radical strain was eliminated. [28] Drexler was a local locksmith who had been a member of the militarist Fatherland Party[29] during World War I and was bitterly opposed to the armistice of November 1918 and the revolutionary upheavals that followed. Get to know our Group companies, branches and subsidiaries worldwide. 'Nazi' references: BBC sportscaster's tweet revives debate, Nicaragua proposes suspending Vatican ties after comments, Survivor of White Rose group that resisted Nazis dies at 103, Bulgaria bans neo-Nazi event after public outcry. The apartment at Prinzregentenplatz 16 was the place, where Hitlers half-niece Geli Raubal committed suicide on September 19, 1931. The Beer Hall Putsch started at the Brgerbrukeller beer hall on the evening of 8 November 1923. In German nationalist circles, the swastika was considered a symbol of an "Aryan race" and it symbolised the replacement of the Christian Cross with allegiance to a National Socialist State. Our German ancestors held certain lands in common. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The term Parteigenosse (party member) was commonly used among Nazis, with its corresponding feminine form Parteigenossin. On the night of 8 November, the Nazis used a patriotic rally in a Munich beer hall to launch an attempted putsch ("coup d'tat"). Omissions? About 60% of the Old Town was heavily damaged or completely destroyed. However, a visit is not possible, as the building houses the University of Music and Performing Arts. In 1919 an antisemitic right-wing political party called the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) was founded in Munich; this The party also formed groups in other parts of Germany. The sites you can visit are marked in dark pink, and the ones you can see only outside in pink. Further reinforcements came from such 19th-century intellectual figures as the comte de Gobineau (181682), Richard Wagner (181383), and Houston Stewart Chamberlain (18551927), all of whom greatly influenced early Nazism with their claims of the racial and cultural superiority of the Nordic (Germanic) peoples over all other Europeans and all other races. They were nicknamed the "casualties of March" (German: Mrzgefallenen) or "March violets" (German: Mrzveilchen). [94] The party was formally abolished on 10 October 1945 by the Allied Control Council, followed by the process of denazification along with trials of major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg. The museum provides insights into the defendants and their crimes, including the trials of 1945-46. [121], When it came to power in 1933, the Nazi Party had over 2 million members. In a speech in Munich in August 1920, Hitler addressed the National Socialist party on the issues of race and politics. The Nazi Party was banned on 9 November 1923; however, with the support of the nationalist Vlkisch-Social Bloc (Vlkisch-Sozialer Block), it continued to operate under the name "German Party" (Deutsche Partei or DP) from 1924 to 1925. Nazi rallies were often held in beer halls, where downtrodden men could get free beer. It has been made brief and clear intentionally. Hitler later claimed to be the seventh party member (he was in fact the seventh executive member of the party's central committee[45] and he would later wear the Golden Party Badge number one). Hitler established a totalitarian regime known as the Third Reich with himself in absolute power. The Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism opened its doors to the public on May 1, 2015. However, support for the Nazis had fallen to 33.1%, suggesting that the Nazi surge had passed its peakpossibly because the worst of the Depression had passed, possibly because some middle-class voters had supported Hitler in July as a protest, but had now drawn back from the prospect of actually putting him into power. On 24 April 1932, the Free State of Prussia elections to the Landtag resulted in 36% of the votes and 162 seats for the NSDAP. Gaue that were simply renamed without territorial changes bear the designation RN in the column "later became." The organisation was limited only to so-called "Imperial Germans" (citizens of the German Empire); and "Ethnic Germans" (Volksdeutsche), who did not hold German citizenship were not permitted to join. Catholic Bavaria maintained its right-wing nostalgia for a Catholic monarch;[citation needed] and Westphalia, along with working-class "Red Berlin", were always the Nazis' weakest areas electorally, even during the Third Reich itself. Munich is officially known as the Capital of the Movement (Hauptstadt der Bewegung) of National Socialism. It was widely known that socialists of the time were tied to eugenic . Many of these associated organisations were labour unions of various professions. The place where it all started. [121] These members were affiliated with local branches of the party, of which there were 1,378 throughout the country in 1928. [18][19][20][21] Following the military defeat of Germany in World War II, the party was declared illegal,[22] and German society was purged of Nazi elements in a process known as denazification. Whilst no Jews were employed at Head Office in Munich with the exception of one staff member the situation in many Group companies outside Germany was very different, for example in occupied Poland. The final section of the exhibition is devoted to the period after 1945. The Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism on the site of the so-called "Brown House" serves as a marker for the former headquarters of the National Socialist. National Socialist Germany, commonly referred to unofficially as the Third Reich (the first being the Holy Roman Empire, the second being the German Empire), was governed by the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) following their victory as the largest single parliamentary party in the Federal General Elections of 30 January 1933. The exhibition illustrates these attitudes in terms of what happened to the citys architecture, where traces of the Nazi era were largely removed or, in the case of the Temples of Honor, grass was allowed to grow over them. From,. Furthermore, the Nazis and the Communists between them won 52% of the vote and a majority of seats. Originally, the camp was destined for political prisoners. According to the agreement, Czechoslovakia had to cede Sudetenland to the German Reich, without saying anything on the matter. Hitler moved into an apartment on the second floor of the building in 1929. The party's nominal Deputy Leader was Rudolf Hess, but he had no real power in the party. More information about your visit. [53][54][d] The word "Socialist" was added by the party's executive committee (at the suggestion of Rudolf Jung), over Hitler's initial objections,[e] in order to help appeal to left-wing workers. How were the Nazis able to secure their power? Youll need a ticket for zone Munich XXL (it covers the S-Bahn and the bus in Dachau). Most Germans were unwilling to acknowledge any feeling of guilt for what had happened and they tended to repudiate and deny personal responsibility. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [59] Even before it had become legally forbidden by the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, the Nazis banned sexual relations and marriages between party members and Jews. Also, the city is infamous for the Nuremberg Laws from 1935 and the Nuremberg Trials from 1945-1946. A complete guide to the most famous Third Reich sites in Munich (+ the beer hall where the Nazi Party was founded and the exact location of Hitlers apartment). Others to join the party around this time were Heinrich Himmler and World War I flying ace Hermann Gring. [38] Drexler encouraged him to join the DAP. The Nazi Party of 1925 was divided into the "Leadership Corps" (Korps der politischen Leiter) appointed by Hitler and the general membership (Parteimitglieder). It was built on the site of the Nazi Party headquarters, that was destroyed by Allied bombing raids during the war. The first party rally, after Hitler seized power, was named Rally of Victory. To be close to all Third Reich sites in Munich, Always book tours or skip the lines tickets with. [73] By November 1923, Hitler had decided that the time was right for an attempt to seize power in Munich, in the hope that the Reichswehr (the post-war German military) would mutiny against the Berlin government and join his revolt. What led to racial and social exclusion, war, and mass murder? The votes that the Nazis received in the 1932 elections established the Nazi Party as the largest parliamentary faction of the Weimar Republic government. The project "FC Bayern Munich and National Socialism" has now been completed after three and a half years. War-Documentary. Streicher was Gauleiter of Franconia, where he published his antisemitic newspaper Der Strmer. In early 1933, just before Hitler's appointment to the chancellorship, the party showed an under-representation of "workers", who made up 30% of the membership but 46% of German society. Further themes include the city's art and festivals, and the way they were harnessed to make the Nazi regime more palatable to the public, and the city's role as a media location and a venue for arms manufacturing. Nazi Party, byname of National Socialist German Workers Party, German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism. Time were tied to eugenic Hauptstadt der Bewegung ) of National Socialism profit was as... 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Prosperity during the National Socialist party on the evening of 8 November 1923 defendants and their crimes including! 2023 Copyright My Vacation Itineraries | All Rights Reserved was heavily damaged or destroyed! For what had happened and they tended to repudiate and deny personal responsibility [ 121 ] members... Men could get free beer however, after Hitler seized power, this radical strain was eliminated its precursor the... From the top down, with Hitler at the apex party as the building in.! The agreement, Czechoslovakia had to cede Sudetenland to the German Reich without. The SS functioned strictly from the bombings and it was widely known that socialists of exhibition... Existed in Germany and continued until the onset of the urban and rural lower middle.... Hall Putsch took place sites in Munich, Always book tours or skip the lines tickets with the period 1945. Or skip the lines tickets with dissolved, and Hitler was granted nearly absolute powers the! 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Entrance is free, but you have to pay if you want an guide... To the period after 1945 legal representation and own property, but you have suggestions to improve this article requires...
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